Carrier-free nanoplatforms from natural plants for enhanced bioactivity

•Carrier-free nanoplatforms with self-assembly from natural plants.•Nano self-assembly of pure small molecules for enhanced bioactivity.•Extracellular vesicles containing active substances from fresh plants.•Charcoal nanocomponents with carbon skeleton structure from charred plants.•Nanoaggregate particles with wide curative effects from decoction of plants formulae.