Generative adversarial networks (GAN)-based data augmentation of rare liver cancers: The SFR 2021 Artificial Intelligence Data Challenge

•The SFR 2021 Artificial Intelligence Data Challenge focused on generative adversarial network (GAN)-based data augmentation techniques.•The aim was to create a synthetic dataset of 1000 macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinomas, which is a rare and aggressive subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma.•This data challenge demonstrates the ability of generative adversarial networks techniques to generate a large number of images from a small sample of rare malignant tumor MRI examinations.