Review of bio-fuel and nano-particles as an additive in diesel fuelled engine

In recent years, the number of vehicles has rapidly increased, and as a result, the fossil fuel, which is a limited resource in nature, is consumed by these vehicles and rapidly depletes. To overcome this situation, biofuel, play a crucial role to make balance and reduce the quantity consumption of fossil fuel. There are different types of biofuels that exist in nature which must be investigated via the research community in terms of engine performance, pollution, and availability. In the new paradigm, not only biofuels but nanoparticles are extensively used by mixing with it for obtaining high engine performance. The biofuels and nanoparticles have less density, higher cetane numbers, greater calorific value, and higher thermal conductivity; that’s enough to modernize conventional diesel absolutely. Therefore, blends of biofuels, nanoparticles, and diesel are used in diesel engines. This article reviews the performance analysis, combustion details, and emission traits of nanoparticles which are utilized as an additive in biodiesel-fueled engines. There arenumber ofnanoparticles like Al2O3, TiO2, and many others are used in blends of biofuels and diesel. The diesel engine can be efficaciously run, deliver high overall performance, controlled pollutant emissions, and decrease consumption of diesel fuel by adding nanoparticles, biofuel with diesel, andthey'reblendas fuel in a CI engine. In this study, mainly three nanoparticles, viz., titanium oxide (TiO2), cerium oxide (CeO2), and aluminium oxide nanoparticles (AL2O3), are covered under the scope of the study.