Fundamentals and application of voltammetric electronic tongues in quantitative analysis

Electronic tongues (ETs) are bioinspired analytical tools based on the synergies between (bio)sensors and chemometrics. Through the application of chemometrics, it is possible to infer underlying relationships between the measured analytical signals and the chemical properties of the samples, both for descriptive and predictive purposes, otherwise impossible to decipher. Research in voltammetric ETs during the last two decades has demonstrated the benefits derived from the use of sensor arrays with complementary response, together with advanced data treatment methods to enhance their overall performance. In this direction, the different approaches followed when developing voltammetric ETs and some relevant applications in quantitative analysis are reviewed herein.