A Three-Level Analysis of the Innovation and Resilience Strategies During the COVID-19 Crisis

This chapter analyzes the actions of the several actors of a regional ecosystem, through a three-level analysis, taking into account the micro level with (1) the analysis of individual measures and innovations implemented during the first semi-containment by managers, the meso-level with (2) the measures taken by professional associations, and the macro level with (3) the analysis of the measures taken by public authorities and professional associations. Despite procedural and financial support offered by municipalities and business associations, key findings show that companies adopted different strategies. These observations lead to a discussion about disruptive and sustainable innovations. Scenario planning techniques were proposed to identify likely futures.