Influence of incidence angle effects on the performance of bifacial photovoltaic modules considering rear-side reflection

•The incidence angle effect (IAE) of bifacial PV modules considers both front-side beam radiation and rear-side reflection.•A mathematical model related to the rear-side incidence angle effect of bifacial PV modules was derived theoretically.•The effects of different installation conditions on the IAE of bifacial PV modules was simulated based on view-factor method.