3D velocity-depth model from multichannel seismic in the Dinaric foredeep of the Gulf of Trieste (Adriatic Sea), at the NE edge of Adria plate

The Gulf of Trieste (GT), northeastern Adriatic, sits at the rigid edge of the Adria microplate representing the foreland of the adjoining Meso-Cenozoic External Dinarides and Southeastern Alps. The Adria-Eurasia plate boundary extends along the GT eastern coastline, depicted by the Karst Thrust, outer ramp of the SW-verging Dinarides. This separates the Cretaceous-Paleogene carbonates outcropping hundreds of meters on the Karst Plateau (hanging-wall) from their counterparts buried in the eastern gulf. Although the thrust has no evidence of historical and instrumental seismicity, a detailed seismic velocity field is needed to quantify reliable geometries in the foredeep, embedded in a tectonically active area where Adria is moving NNW-ward. Availability of a newly acquired marine multichannel seismic dataset, allowed us to provide the first well-constrained 3D P-wave velocity and depth model in the footwall of the Karst Thrust. Two iterative techniques, traveltime reflection tomography and depth seismic imaging, were applied on the data surveying the Dinaric foredeep. Our findings provide mean velocity values of 1700 m/s for the Quaternary sediments, 2900 m/s for the upper Eocene flysch turbidites, 4500 m/s for the lower flysch, 5000 m/s for the upper carbonates. The maximum flysch unit thickness results in about 1500 m and the top carbonates depth reaches about 1600 m below sea level, 1.7 km offshore Trieste, revealing the thrust is responsible for a minimum 1600–1800 m vertical throw. This study provides benefits for Adria geodynamic models and give new constraints for the geological and tectonic setting assessment, in a region settled over a currently active continental margin.