Correction: Activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway is associated with the promotion of cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Purpose To investigate the pathogenesis of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway activated by inflammation in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods The 82 people including CRSwNP patients (case group) and nasal septal deviation patients (control group) were recruited. The samples in the case group were collected and classified into two groups: mucosal tissue of nasal polyps (NP group) and mucosal tissue adjacent to nasal polyps (NM group), the samples were collected from the control group as CM group. Clinical characteristics were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed to detect eosinophils (EOS), the expression of the key genes of the pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in the samples. Results There were significant differences in the nasal obstruction visual analog scale (VAS) score, rhinorrhea VAS score, percentage of blood EOS, blood EOS absolute counts and tissue EOS counts in the case group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). The EOS level and expression levels of PTCH1, SMO, Gli1, Gli2, Ki67 and vimentin were higher in NP group than in the other two groups ( P < 0.05). E-cadherin expression was decreased in NP group ( P < 0.05). A positive correlation between PTCH1 expression and CRSwNP Lund–Mackay score in NP group. Conclusions Our results indicated that the activation of Hh signaling pathway might promote cell proliferation and EMT occurrence, ultimately leading to the development of CRSwNP, which might provide a new target for treatment.