Conjugated microporous polymer derived N, O and S co-doped sheet-like carbon materials as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

•A covalent organic framework (COF) containing heteroatoms was designed and synthesized.•The COF was employed as the precursor and be carbonized to N, O and S co-doped carbon material.•The PTPAO@600 electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1142.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1.•The PTPAO@600 electrode exhibits a high capacity of 490.9 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1.•The high performance of the electrode is due to the high BET area and heteroatom doping.