Self-medication with psychotropic drugs and mental health during residency. A survey of 2314 resident physicians

•Self-medication is commonin medical culture, despite occupational hazards and demonstrated risks to physicians’ health and professionalism.•In this study, self-treatment with psychotropic drugs involved 2 out of 10 residents. The proportion significantly increased with seniority.•During residency, 7 out of 10 medical students reported sleep problem or anxiodepressive disorders ; 80% of them had not consulted a professional.•Medical students' perceptions and ambivalence regarding self-use of psychotropic drugs and potential misuse practices deserve to be explored.•Education and resources to promote appropriate care and support for mental health during residency should be implemented or prioritized.