Soil wind erosion rate on rough surfaces: A dynamical model derived from an invariant pattern of the shear-stress probability density function of the soil surface

•Rough surfaces with plants, gravels and ridges were investigated in wind tunnels.•Shear-stress and soil wind erosion rate (SWER) on the rough surfaces were measured.•Probability density function of shear-stress follows the pattern of Logistic function.•The spatial heterogeneity of shear-stress which drives soil wind erosion was solved.•A SWER model with the characteristics of upscaling point-scale process was proposed.