Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples.

T Nakamura, M Matsumoto,K Amano,Y Enokido,M E Zolensky, T Mikouchi, H Genda,S Tanaka,M Y Zolotov, K Kurosawa, S Wakita,R Hyodo,H Nagano, D Nakashima,Y Takahashi, Y Fujioka, M Kikuiri, E Kagawa, M Matsuoka,A J Brearley,A Tsuchiyama,M Uesugi, J Matsuno, Y Kimura, M Sato,R E Milliken,E Tatsumi,S Sugita,T Hiroi, K Kitazato,D Brownlee,D J Joswiak,M Takahashi, K Ninomiya,T Takahashi, T Osawa, K Terada,F E Brenker, B J Tkalcec, L Vincze,R Brunetto, A Aléon-Toppani,Q H S Chan, M Roskosz,J-C Viennet,P Beck,E E Alp, T Michikami,Y Nagaashi, T Tsuji, Y Ino,J Martinez,J Han,A Dolocan,R J Bodnar, M Tanaka, H Yoshida, K Sugiyama,A J King, K Fukushi, H Suga,S Yamashita, T Kawai, K Inoue, A Nakato,T Noguchi,F Vilas,A R Hendrix, C Jaramillo-Correa,D L Domingue,G Dominguez,Z Gainsforth, C Engrand, J Duprat,S S Russell,E Bonato,C Ma, T Kawamoto, T Wada,S Watanabe, R Endo, S Enju, L Riu,S Rubino,P Tack, S Takeshita, Y Takeichi,A Takeuchi, A Takigawa,D Takir, T Tanigaki, A Taniguchi,K Tsukamoto, T Yagi,S Yamada,K Yamamoto,Y Yamashita,M Yasutake, K Uesugi,I Umegaki,I Chiu,T Ishizaki, S Okumura,E Palomba,C Pilorget,S M Potin,A Alasli,S Anada, Y Araki, N Sakatani,C Schultz, O Sekizawa, S D Sitzman, K Sugiura,M Sun,E Dartois,E De Pauw,Z Dionnet, Z Djouadi,G Falkenberg, R Fujita, T Fukuma, I R Gearba, K Hagiya,M Y Hu, T Kato, T Kawamura, M Kimura,M K Kubo, F Langenhorst,C Lantz,B Lavina, M Lindner, J Zhao, B Vekemans,D Baklouti,B Bazi,F Borondics,S Nagasawa,G Nishiyama, K Nitta,J Mathurin, T Matsumoto, I Mitsukawa,H Miura,A Miyake,Y Miyake, H Yurimoto,R Okazaki, H Yabuta, H Naraoka,K Sakamoto,S Tachibana,H C Connolly, D S Lauretta, M Yoshitake, M Yoshikawa, K Yoshikawa,K Yoshihara, Y Yokota, K Yogata,H Yano,Y Yamamoto,D Yamamoto,M Yamada,T Yamada,T Yada, K Wada,T Usui,R Tsukizaki, F Terui, H Takeuchi,Y Takei,A Iwamae,H Soejima, K Shirai,Y Shimaki, H Senshu, H Sawada, T Saiki,M Ozaki, G Ono,T Okada, N Ogawa,K Ogawa,R Noguchi, H Noda, M Nishimura, N Namiki, S Nakazawa, T Morota,A Miyazaki,A Miura, Y Mimasu, K Matsumoto, K Kumagai,T Kouyama,S Kikuchi,K Kawahara,S Kameda, T Iwata,Y Ishihara,M Ishiguro, H Ikeda, S Hosoda, R Honda, C Honda,Y Hitomi,N Hirata,N Hirata,T Hayashi, M Hayakawa, K Hatakeda, S Furuya,R Fukai,A Fujii,Y Cho,M Arakawa, M Abe,S Watanabe,Y Tsuda

Science (New York, N.Y.)（2023）

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摘要

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.

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