A Compact Wideband Circularly Polarized Planar Monopole Antenna With Axial Ratio Bandwidth Entirely Encompassing the Antenna Bandwidth

The antenna presented in this study is a compact wideband monopole with wideband circular polarization that can be used across the whole antenna bandwidth. A rectangular C-shaped patch is partially covered by a ground plane in the proposed planar monopole antenna. Inserting a rectangular stub to the ground plane, etching a slit at the antenna patch, and adding a semicircular stub at the top of the antenna feed line increase the antenna impedance bandwidth (BW) and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). An FR4 substrate with overall dimensions of 25 mm x 25 mm x 1.6 mm is used to create the antenna. The antenna's observed impedance BW is 70% (4.55 GHz in the 4.3-8.85 GHz band), while the measured broadside ARBW is improved to a value of 82.2 percent (5.3 GHz along the range 3.8-9.1 GHz). The impedanceBWis perfectly covered by the ARBW; hence the antenna can be considered circularly polarized throughout its operational spectrum. Within the antenna BW, the measured gain is greater than 1.5 dB.