Selenium-Enriched Spirulina (SeE-SP) Enhance Antioxidant Response, Immunity, and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer

The present study examined the efficacy of dietary selenium-enriched spirulina (SeE-SP) on growth performance, antioxidant response, liver and intestinal health, immunity and disease resistance of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. A total of 480 seabass juveniles with an initial weight of 9.22 +/- 0.09 g/fish were randomly assigned to four dietary groups. The fish were fed a fishmeal protein replacement diets with SeE-SP at 5%, 10%, and 20%, namely SeE-SP5, SeE-SP10, and SeE-SP20, and a fishmeal-based diet as control for 8 weeks. The results indicated that seabass juveniles fed SeE-SP5 and SeE-SP10 diets grew at the same rate as the fish fed a fishmeal-based control diet after 8 weeks of feeding, while SeE-SP20 grew at a significantly lower rate than the control (p < 0.05). Although most of the measured biochemical parameters were not influenced by the Se-SP diets, serum antioxidant-enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and immunological indices, such as lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin-M, were found significantly higher in the SeE-SP5 and SeE-SP10 diets compared to control. In addition, the fish fed the SeE-SP5 diet showed significantly lower mortalities after the 14-day of bacterial challenge with V. harveyi. These outcomes indicated that up to 10% inclusion of SeE-SP in the diet of juvenile Asian seabass does not compromise growth, while SeE-SP5 enhanced disease resistance in juvenile seabass.