Specific Test Design for the In-Depth Technique Analysis of Elite Karate Competitors with the Application of Kinematic Sensors

Karate fighters are under constant pressure to find adequate scoring solutions in ever-changing combat conditions. Thus, technique improvement at high levels of mastery demands a novel approach to key data acquisition and in-depth analysis of more than just the impact phase in punch execution. With the aim of describing the kinematic and temporal structure of a reverse punch in the developmental phase, two wireless sensors were used for the acquisition of selected quantities in ten modalities performed by a continental and world medallist. The results show that the timeline of kinematic parameters may be a reliable factor regarding the efficiency of the reverse punch. The obtained hand results show a tendency towards maintaining greater levels of stability in comparison to the body. Additionally, the differences between parameters in relation to applied tests that replicated training and combat conditions were noted. The highest acceleration values were obtained in sliding motion preceding RP, with a partner holding chest punch pad, both static (7.35 +/- 0.47 g(0)) and dynamic (6.99 +/- 1.23 g(0)) tests. The same applies for velocity (8.39 +/- 0.14 and 7.30 +/- 1.28 m/s). The obtained results indicate the need for specific testing and an individual approach in the analysis of the techniques of elite competitors, along with the use of sensors in data acquisition. Such an approach may help improve the training and competition practice of karate fighters.