Effects of silica gel nanopores and surfactants on CO2 hydrate formation kinetics—An experimental and modeling study

•CO2 hydrate formation kinetics is studied in nanopores with surfactant SDS/DTAC.•An advanced SCM including CO2 solubility, pore size and capillary effect is built.•The reaction rate constant is increased with added surfactants in larger pores.•The calculated effective diffusion coefficient drops dramatically in small pores.•Proportion of water consumed by capillaries is up to 75% in small pores with SDS.