Can trajectory nor-epinephrine infiltration reduce blood loss during percutaneous nephrolithotomy? A double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Waleed El-Shaer, Mohamed Salah Haggag,Alaa Elshaer,Islam Shaboob,Wael Kandeel,Basheer Elmohamady,Dina Saad Abdelmotaleb,Sally Abdel-Lateef

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association（2022）

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摘要

Trajectory infiltration of PCNL tracts by NE was found to be effective and safe in mitigation of PCNL-related blood loss. This step is a timeless and cost-effective as NE is readily available in surgical theaters and of very low cost.

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PCNL,blood loss,norepinephrine,renal stones,stone free rate

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