Exercise, Erectile Dysfunction and Co-Morbidities: “The Good, the Bad and the Ugly”

Erectile dysfunction (ED), defined as the inability to attain or maintain sufficient penile erection for sexual intercourse, is a growing health problem, which unfortunately remains underreported, underdiagnosed and undertreated. Growing evidence suggests that ED is a promising cardiovascular risk marker, as it is associated with major co-morbidities increasing cardiovascular disease burden, while it is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The role of exercise as a non-pharmacological therapeutic intervention in ED has been widely investigated during the last two decades, both in observational studies and in randomized controlled trials, enrolling different patients' populations. In the present narrative review, we summarize relevant evidence concerning the effect of exercise on vascular ED and the pathophysiologic background, underscoring the importance of enhanced physical activity as a recommendation in all subjects with vascular ED.