Solids flux profiles of Geldart Group A particles in high‐velocity circulating fluidized bed risers

Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) risers using Group A particles have traditionally, mostly, been considered to operate in the fast fluidization regime, which consists of a core-annulus flow profile with solids refluxing in the annulus layer. High gas and solids flow riser studies, however, suggest the existence of additional types of flow behaviours. Therefore, more studies are still needed to help clear uncertainties of local solids flow patterns in CFB risers of Group A particles, especially at gas and solids flow rates at or near those in commercial units. In this study, riser density and local solids flux profiles were measured in 0.3 m diameter risers of three CFB units at gas velocities of 9-16 m/s and solids fluxes of up to 700 kg/s center dot m(2). A variety of radial solids flux profiles were obtained, including a parabolic profile with a peak flux at about the radial centre, a nearly flat profile across the riser cross-section and an inverted parabola with peak upwards flux near the wall. At high gas velocity and solids flux, risers have no solids downflow at the wall. Multiple fluidization regimes were found to exist in the riser. The bottom dense part of the riser was in the dense suspension upflow regime, and the dilute upper part was in the dilute pneumatic transport regime. With commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) risers operating at nearly similar conditions as tested here, it is likely that they also have one or both fluidization regimes and not the traditional fast fluidization regime. The data in this study fitted well on the Kim et al. fluidization regime map.