Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Achillea coarctata Poir. Essential Oils

Essential oils obtained from different parts of Achillea coarctata species (inflorescences, stem and leaves and the whole aerial part) collected on four different locations in Serbia have been investigated to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of isolated oils. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from different plant parts and how different type of substrate as well as different climate conditions affect the chemical composition of essential oils. Oxigenated terpenes were reported to be the major constituents in almost all examinated samples with 1,8-cineole, caryophyllene oxide and cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol identified as dominant compounds. Disk diffusion assay was used to determine antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Salmonella abony ATCC 6017). The obtained results showed that essential oils obtained from A. coarctata exhibit significant antibacterial activity against tested bacteria strains. The best inhibitory effect was observed against S. aureus, while on the other hand P. aeruginosa showed high level of resistance to almost all examined essential oils.