Osteolytic Lesion of the Maxilla in an Undiagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patient Identified Incidentally by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: Unusual clinical courseBackground: Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy characterized by monoclonal plasma cell proliferation. Jaw le-sions are found in nearly 35% of patients with symptomatic myeloma, and lesions occur in the mandible more often than in the maxilla. However, maxillary or mandibular lesions are rarely found as a primary manifestation of the disease. This report describes a case of a 65-year-old Palestinian woman with lytic lesions in the maxil-la due to undiagnosed multiple myeloma identified incidentally on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Case Report: A 65-year-old Palestinian woman presented to the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic with an expansion of the maxilla which was initially thought of as an infection. CBCT imaging revealed diffuse osteolytic lesions involv-ing multiple osseous structures. The patient was biopsied. Histopathological examination was suspicious for plasmacytic neoplasm. She was directly referred to the Hematology Department for further laboratory tests. These included complete blood count, liver function test, bone profile, protein electrophoresis, flow cytome-try, and bone marrow biopsy, which were performed to confirm the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. The pa-tient was treated with chemotherapy including zoledronic acid, dexamethasone, bortezomib, and cyclophos-phamide. She went into remission for a year but unfortunately died 2 years later.Conclusions: Primary myeloma of the maxilla is a rare presentation. The present report illustrates the role of CBCT imaging supported by a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of myeloma. Consequently, it is recommended that dental practitioners be aware of radiographic features and possible oral manifestations to avoid any delay in medical intervention.