Relationship between lipid profile, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study

Objective: Inflammation is a major factor in endothelial dysfunction (ED) which is the earliest predictor of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. This study aimed to describe the possible relationship between plasma lipids and inflammatory and ED biomarkers in young Emirati pa-tients with and without T1DM. Methods: This case-control study included 158 patients with T1DM and 157 healthy controls from the local population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Anthropometric data, clinical variables, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, HbA1c, inflammatory, and ED biomarkers were measured for all participants using sophisti-cated techniques and assays. Results: The mean ages +/- SD of patients with T1DM and healthy controls was 19.3 +/- 6.4 years (59.5% females) and 9.2 +/- 6.8 years (61.5% females), respectively. The mean duration of T1DM was 9.3 +/- 5.7 years, with HbA1c of 8.9 +/- 2.1%. BMI, WC, SBP, and DBP significantly differed between the two groups. The mean lipid profiles (HDL, TG, TC, ApoA, and ApoB), liver enzymes (GGT, ALT), inflammatory (IL-6, adiponectin, TNF-alpha, hs-CRP), and ED biomarker levels (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, selectin, and ET-1) were also significantly different between pa-tients and controls. Based on Spearman's rank and logistic regression analysis, there was a significant association between elevated lipid profile, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, and ED markers in T1DM patients compared to controls. Among the biomarkers studied, ApoA, ApoB, and TC were significantly increased in T1DM patients com-pared to controls. Conclusion: This study revealed a strong association between an elevated lipid profile and inflam-matory and ED markers with T1DM, which could lead to cardiovascular events in the UAE population.