Discovery of small-molecule protein stabilizers toward exogenous alpha-L-iduronidase to reduce the accumulated heparan sulfate in mucopolysaccharidosis type I cells

Synthesis of a series of L-iduronic acid (IdoA)-and imino-IdoA-typed C-glycosides for modulating alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) activity is described. In an enzyme inhibition study, IdoA-typed C-glycosides were more potent than imino-IdoA analogs, with the most potent IdoA-typed C-glycoside 27c showing an IC50 value of 1 mu M. On the other hand, co-treatment of 12 with rh-alpha-IDUA in mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) fibroblasts exhibited a nearly 3-fold increase of the IDUA activity, resulting in a clear reduction of the accumulated heparan sulfate (HS) compared to the exogenous enzyme treatment alone. This is the first report of small molecules facilitating IDUA stabilization, enhancing enzyme activity, and reducing accumulated HS in MPS I cell-based assays, which reveals that small molecules as rh-alpha-IDUA stabilizers to improve enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) efficacy toward MPS I is feasible and promising.