Malignancies in HIV

Abstract This chapter discusses the role of virally mediated and non-virally mediated AIDS-associated and non-AIDS-associated malignancies. The learner will review the epidemiology and role of antiretroviral therapy on the impact of AIDS-defining malignancies. The chapter discusses the role of human herpes virus-8 in the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma, the role of Epstein–Barr virus in primary central nervous system lymphoma, and other HIV-associated lymphomas. It reviews and the role of human papillomavirus vaccination in virally mediated anogenital squamous cell cancer. Non-AIDS-defining malignancies including lung, prostate, oropharyngeal, liver, breast, and pancreatic caners are covered. Lastly, it emphasizes that antiretroviral initiation is of utmost importance for all AIDS-defining malignancies and non-AIDS-defining malignancies and summarizes the National Cancer Center Network Guidelines for HIV malignancies.