The Relationship Between Limb Lengthening Rate and Callus Quality in Patients with Achondroplasia

Objectives This study investigated the effect of the femur, tibia, and humeral lengthening rate in patients with achondroplasia and regenerated bone quality. Methods The records of the patients with achondroplasia who underwent limb lengthening surgery for both upper and lower extremities between 2002 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Bone formation regeneration was evaluated in each segment at anteroposterior and lateral radiographs and the callus quality was determined at the first month of the consolidation period according to Li’s classification system. Results This study included 42 (28 females and 14 males), 38 (26 females and 12 males), and 17 (11 females and 6 males) patients with bilateral femoral, bilateral tibial, and bilateral humeral lengthening. The mean lengthening rate was 0.920 ± 0.23 (range, 0.53–1.67), 0.813 ± 0.17 (range, 0.51–1.26), and 1.02 ± 0.26 (range, 0.58–150) mm/day in the femoral, tibial, humeral groups, respectively. In the femoral group, 75% femur with good morphological quality, 56.6% good morphological quality in tibial group and 55.9% good morphological quality in humeral group. Statistically significant relationships were found between femoral lengthening rate and callus quality ( p < 0.001; r = 0.454). However, no significant correlation was found in the humeral and tibial groups. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of the lengthening rate for obtaining good morphological quality callus were 72% and 80%, respectively, with an optimum diagnostic cutoff value of 0.976 mm/day for femoral lengthening. Conclusions A higher-rate good morphological callus was obtained in femoral lengthening compared with tibia and humerus in patients with achondroplasia.