A study to explore the appropriateness of dosing regimen of vancomycin in critically ill patients in a tertiary care unit of India

Introduction Vancomycin is used in proven or suspected MRSA and MRE infections. An AUC/MIC ratio of >= 400 is the current accepted critical PK/PD"efficacy"target of vancomycin activity. The present study was conducted to ascertain the appropriateness of practice of current dosage regimen of vancomycin (1 g BD) based on population pharmacokinetic approach. Methods A single-center prospective study with the ICU setting of a tertiary care center was conducted. A total of 15 adult patients with sepsis treated with vancomycin were included over 15 months from May 2019 to July 2020. Blood samples were obtained at 5, 10, and 30 minutes and thereafter at 2 and 6 hours following the completion of the vancomycin infusion. The data obtained from HPLC estimation was analyzed using a population pharmacokinetic approach with NLME, Phoenix 8.3.2.166. The pharmacokinetic model was based on covariates such as bodyweight and urinary creatinine clearance to predict drug concentrations. Results A total of 83 vancomycin blood samples were analyzed. The mean AUC(0-last) and AUC(0-infinity) in patients who improved and died were (AUC((0-last))=293 (152.97); AUC((0-infinity))=535.14 (353.67) and (AUC((0-last))=137.19 (51.37); AUC((0-infinity))=582.12 (1036.09) respectively, the difference between the two outcome groups was not statistically significant (p=0.104). The pharmacokinetic model was best described by a two-compartment linear model. The goodness-of-fit plots showed that the final covariate pharmacokinetic model (having bodyweight and urinary creatinine clearance) adequately described the observed vancomycin concentrations. Conclusions Based on the finding of the study it was concluded that 1 g BD dosing of vancomycin is inappropriate. Including covariates such as urinary creatinine clearance and weight in the pharmacokinetic model helped predict drug concentrations more accurately. However, further studies are required to demonstrate efficacy regarding applying this strategy.