Recent Progress in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Alkane (C2–C4) to Alkenes in a Fluidized Bed Reactor Under Mixed Metallic Oxide Catalyst

Short-chain olefins are the important feedstock for the chemical industries. The selection of a proper catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reaction is critical. Here, the study summarized different catalysts by physicochemical techniques such as BET surface area, Raman spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The BET analysis of different catalysts gives an optimum value of active and metal loading catalysts for optimum alkenes selectivity. From different Raman spectroscopy analyses, the study pointed out the factor responsible for varying mono vanadate and poly vanadate formation. From TPR analysis of different catalysts, this study pointed out the factors that varied on increasing or decreasing temperature and the effect on the selectivity of alkenes. The effect of different operating conditions was studied. Without catalyst regeneration after each ODH run, the catalyst under the study shows stable behavior and increases the selectivity of the desired product. The CREC riser simulator was used for ODH of propane and ethane, while two zones of fluidized bed reactor (TZFBR) and ICFBR reactors were used for ODH of butane. From the study of MoO3/MgO catalyst, it was observed that TZFBR have high selectivity of butadiene than CFBR and fixed bed reactor. It was concluded that the catalyst VOx–Nb/La-ɣAl2O3 has high conversion (20.1%) of ethane and good selectivity of (85.7%) of ethylene, while in ODH of propane and butane the catalyst 7.5 VOx/ɣAl2O3·ZrO2 (1:1) and MoO3/MgO have high selectivity of propane and 1,3-butadiene respectively. This review will help researchers in decision making for the selection of proper catalyst for ODH of alkane to alkenes.