A comprehensive review of augmented reality-based instruction in manual assembly, training and repair

In recent years, the multi-dimensional, multi-faceted, and multi-level applications of augmented reality/mixed reality have attracted more and more attention from researchers in the field of smart manufacturing. However, the disadvantage is that AR interaction cues supporting user cognition have not been fully analyzed and summarized in manual assembly, training and repair. This article reviews the current research status, projects and technical characteristics of manual operation instructions in the past 30 years, and extensively discusses these latest works. It is worth mentioning that this article provides comprehensive academic information for the development of AR-based assembly instructions, thereby providing unique insights for researchers in related fields. In short, it will help researchers designing AR instructions.