Thalamic volumetric abnormalities in type 1 diabetes mellitus and ‘peripheral’ neuropathy

We hypothesized that thalamic volumes of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and nonpainful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) would be reduced relative to thalamic volumes of patients with type 1 DM and painful DPN. We calculated the standardized thalamic volumetric difference between these groups in a pilot sample to obtain a statistical power of 80% at a 5% significance level. Hence, we measured thalamic volumes from 15 patients with nonpainful DPN (10 women, mean age = 49 years, standard deviation [SD] = 11.5) and from 13 patients with painful DPN (8 women, mean age = 43 years, SD = 12.5) by using a manual segmentation approach. A volumetric difference of approximately 15% was found between the nonpainful (mean = 5072 mm 3 , SD = 528.1) and painful (mean = 5976 mm 3 , SD = 643.1) DPN groups ( P < 0.001). Curiously, a volumetric difference between the left (mean = 5198 mm 3 , SD = 495.0) and the right (mean = 4946 mm 3 , SD = 590.6) thalamus was also found in patients with nonpainful DPN ( P < 0.01), but not in patients with painful DPN ( P = 0.97). Patients with nonpainful DPN have lower thalamic volumes than those with painful DPN, especially in the right thalamus.