Non-invasive medical gas plasma augments bladder cancer cell toxicity in preclinical models and patient-derived tumor tissues

•Gas plasma is a novel ROS-generating tool that can be used in oncology.•Bladder cancer cells in 2D, 3D, semi- in vivo (in ovo), and in patient-derived samples were employed.•Tumor cells in all models were inactivated following gas plasma treatment.•The reactive oxygen species production was assessed in detail.•Several mechanistic targets identified in cancer patient tissues, such as FGFR3, using whole transcriptome analysis.