Energy storage in distribution power systems

Future power systems bring new challenges that require innovative solutions. In that regard, stationary energy storage is expected to play a key role in our transition to clean energies, i.e., generation using technologies with lower carbon footprint. A variety of stationary energy storage technologies are available and commercially viable for multiple applications. A key factor for the viability is the economics of a system in its specific application. This article covers the basics of energy storage technologies, applications, and their economics. Additionally, industrial reference systems for the major technologies are provided to give the reader a link to the current state of the art in energy storage systems.