静电屏蔽效应的理论与模拟研究
College Physics（2022）
Abstract
在静电屏蔽效应中,无论金属壳是否接地,壳外电场不影响壳内电场.然而,由于电场的叠加原理,并不能从高斯定理直接得到壳外电场不影响壳内任意位置的电场.本文利用静电场的唯一性定理,以及唯一性定理的证明方法,对静电屏蔽效应进行了严格的证明.此外,利用数值模拟进一步验证了静电屏蔽效应,如外电场改变时,金属壳作为等势体电势发生变化,导致壳内整体电势改变,但壳内任意位置的电场不发生变化.最后,数值计算了接地金属壳在外电场中感应电荷的分布,金属尖端靠近带电体会产生很大的电荷面密度.
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