Single-dose AAV-based vaccine induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques.

Dear Editor, Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious res-piratory disease that continues to pose a serious global public health emergency.The disease shows a high infection rate,long incubation period,and rapidly emerging variants,which have led to its rapid spread worldwide(Krammer 2020).Many vaccines have been developed for the control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the virus responsible for COVID-19,including vaccines based on messenger RNA(mRNA)(Polack et al.2020),viral vectors(Zhu et al.2020),recombinant proteins(Yang et al.2020),and inactivated SARS-CoV-2(Zhang et al.2021).Indeed,several of these vaccines have been shown to protect population from SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,most vaccines lack long-term protection efficacy(Cohn et al.2022),and most of them require two or three injections to induce neu-tralizing antibodies(NAbs).Therefore,developing a vaccine that only requires a single-dose immunization and provides long-term NAbs would be optimal for combating COVID-19.