Artificial intelligence to improve antimicrobial prescribing: A protocol for a systematic review

Introduction: The inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a threat to their effectiveness and often results in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and difficult to treat infections. Different methods have been implemented to control AMR, and in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been used to improve antimicrobial prescribing. However, there is insufficient information about the contribution of AI in improving antimicrobial prescribing. This systematic review aims to determine whether the use of AI can improve antimicrobial prescribing for human patients. Methods: Observational studies that examine the potential or actual use of AI in improving antimicrobial prescribing cited in IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID, EMBASE and ACM will be included in this systematic review. There will be no restriction on language, nor the setting (i.e.: primary care or hospital) nor the time when the studies included were conducted. The primary outcome of this systematic review is the relative reduction in prescribed antimicrobials, while the secondary outcome is the relative reduction in patients’ consultations, whether for infection recurrence or worsening of symptoms. Data will be meta-analyzed with a Random Effects Model. The I2 statistic for heterogeneity will be calculated and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale Tool will be used to assess risk of bias. Dissemination: The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and scientific sessions. PROSPERO Registration: This protocol has been registered in PROSPERO online database (CRD42022329049; 14 May 2022).