TNFRSF1A Gene Polymorphism (-610 T > G, rs4149570) as a Predictor of Malnutrition and a Prognostic Factor in Patients Subjected to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Due to Head and Neck Cancer

Simple Summary Malnutrition is frequently related to the increased level of proinflammatory cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the development of malnutrition and cachexia in cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the relationship between a functional polymorphism of the TNFRSF1A gene and the occurrence of nutritional disorders in patients subjected to radiotherapy due to head and neck cancer. Multivariable analysis revealed that the TT genotype of the TNFRSF1A gene (-610 T > G) was independently correlated with a higher risk of nutritional disorders. Determination of this polymorphism may be useful in the assessment of the risk of nutritional deficiencies in patients subjected to radiotherapy due to head and neck cancer. Background: Malnutrition is a nutritional disorder observed in 52% of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Malnutrition is frequently related to the increased level of proinflammatory cytokines. In turn, ongoing inflammation is associated with increased catabolism of skeletal muscle and lipolysis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the development of malnutrition and cachexia in cancer patients. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -610 T > G (rs4149570) of the TNFRSF1A gene and the occurrence of nutritional disorders in patients subjected to RT due to HNC. Methods: The study group consisted of 77 patients with HNC treated at the Oncology Department of the Medical University in Lublin. Genotyping of the TNFRSF1A gene was performed using capillary electrophoresis (Genetic Analyzer 3500). Results: Multivariable analysis revealed that the TT genotype of the TNFRSF1A gene (-610 T > G) was an independent predictor of severe malnutrition (odds ratio-OR = 5.05; p = 0.0350). Moreover, the TT genotype of this gene was independently related to a higher risk of critical weight loss (CWL) (OR = 24.85; p = 0.0009). Conclusions: SNP (-610 T > G) of the TNFRSF1A may be a useful marker in the assessment of the risk of nutritional deficiencies in HNC patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).