Ovarian transcriptome analysis of diploid and triploid rainbow trout revealed new pathways related to gonadal development and fertility

•First in-depth transcriptomic analysis of ovaries from diploid and triploid salmonids.•Triploidisation resulted in changes in the transcriptome ovary of rainbow trout.•Identification of 9 075 differentially expressed genes between two studied groups.•New knowledge related to mechanisms leading to the sterility of female triploids.