Preoperative clinical application of human fibrinogen in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection: A single-center retrospective study

Objective To evaluate the perioperative clinical efficacy of preoperative human fibrinogen treatment in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Methods Data of 159 patients with ATAAD who underwent emergency surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether human fibrinogen was administered before surgery: patients in group A received fibrinogen before surgery, while those in group B did not. The preoperative clinical data, surgical data, postoperative data, complications related to the coagulation function, and mortality of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The in-hospital mortality was similar in the two groups (2.9% vs. 9.3%, p = .122). However, group A had a significantly shorter operation time (279.24 +/- 39.03 vs. 298.24 +/- 45.90, p = .008), lower intraoperative blood loss (240.48 +/- 96.75 vs. 353.70 +/- 189.80, p < .001), and reduced intraoperative transfusion requirement of red blood cells (2.61 +/- 1.18 vs. 6.05 +/- 1.86, p < .001). The postoperative suction drainage within 24 h in group A was significantly decreased (243.24 +/- 201.52 vs. 504.22 +/- 341.08, p = .002). The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in group A was lower than that in group B (3.8% vs. 14.8%, p = .023). Similarly, the incidence of postoperative hepatic insufficiency in group A was lower than that in group B (1.9% vs. 9.3%, p = .045). In group A, the mechanical ventilation time was shorter (47.68 +/- 28.61 vs. 118.21 +/- 173.16, p = .004) along with reduced intensive care unit stay time (4.06 +/- 1.18 vs. 8.09 +/- 9.42, p = .003), and postoperative hospitalization days (19.20 +/- 14.60 vs. 23.50 +/- 7.56, p = .004). Conclusion Preoperative administration of human fibrinogen in patients undergoing ATAAD surgery can effectively reduce the intraoperative blood loss, amount of blood transfused, operation time, and postoperative complications, and improve the early prognosis of patients. In addition, this procedure is highly safe.