Technical, functional, and oncological validity of robot-assisted total-intersphincteric resection (T-ISR) for lower rectal cancer

European Journal of Surgical Oncology(2023)

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摘要
T-ISR can replace most traditional APR, except for advanced T4 disease with aggressive infiltration into the levator-sphincters, and can provide tolerable anorectal dysfunction.
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关键词
Rectal cancer,Robot-assisted,Total intersphincteric resection (T-ISR),Abdominoperineal resection (APR),Functional anatomy,Oncological validity
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