Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and CXC3L1 evaluation as biomarkers for patients at high-risk for coeliac disease in Johannesburg, South Africa

•CD has accurate serological testing, but ancillary testing would be beneficial.•I-FABP and CX3CL1 are two promising biomarkers for CD.•I-FABP and CX3CL1 require investigations in high-risk individuals, such as T1D.•I-FABP is more promising as a CD biomarker in patients with autoimmune comorbidities.•Future research should focus on a diverse biomarker panel and longitudinal follow-up.