Mineralogical association and geochemistry of potentially toxic elements in urban soils under the influence of mining

•Mineral-chemical associations were studied in urban soils of Minas de Riotinto.•Natural soils have significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Ba, and Pb.•Plumbojarosite and beudantite trap effectively As and Pb.•Metal(loid)-rich particles < 10 µm pose exposure risk to humans via inhalation.•Covering the natural soils is recommended to minimize human exposure risk.