Hierarchical management strategy for electric vehicles charging schedule considering the scarcity of charging resources

Charging resources are scarce due to the limited capacity of charging stations and the congestion of distribution networks. Here, a hierarchical scheduling framework that considers the privacy of participants is established to optimize the charging power with a fair payment mechanism. The charging resource allocation model is established considering the scarcity of charging resources. Furthermore, the model is divided into three sub problems, including the congestion management problem of distribution network operator, the energy management problem of charging station and the charging mode problem of electric vehicle. Then the collaborative optimization algorithms are proposed to ensure the privacy of participants. Finally, a hierarchical payment mechanism based on the opportunity cost theory is proposed. The performance of the proposed hierarchical scheduling framework is evaluated using the Roy Billiton Test System with 2000 EVs. On the premise of ensuring distribution network economic operation, the proposed hierarchical scheduling strategy can satisfy the requirement for privacy protection and eliminate the overload problem caused by electric vehicle charging. The simulation results have shown that the additional capacity cost has an obvious levelling effect. With the application of the payment mechanism, charging resources is equitably allocated. Also, the equilibrium of a market and the stable operation of power system can be guaranteed.