A New Butenolide from the Co-Culture of the Endophyte Irpex lacteus , the Phytopathogenic Nigrospora oryzae , and the Host Dendrobium officinale

In this research, the co-culture of the host plant Dendrobium officinale, the endophyte Irpex lacteus, and the pathogenic Nigrospora oryzae was examined to study the interaction of host and endophytes by the production of metabolite. A rare butenolide, named nigrolactin ( 1 ), was isolated and its structure determined by spectral analysis. Compound 1 showed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigate with MIC of 1 μg/mL. The results showed that the interaction of host-endophyte-phytopathogen in co-culture can induce the production of new antifungal metabolites.