The impact of coastal development on land surface temperature in the mangrove ecosystem of the Chattogram coast in Bangladesh

Mangrove vegetation plays a vital role in habitat and nursing ground for different organisms and prevents coastal erosion caused by storm surges, waves, and tidal action. In recent years the mangrove vegetation in Chattogram coast, Bangladesh, has been interrupted by infrastructure development, which causes gradual vegetation loss and destructing effect on the surrounding environment. Vegetation cover and Land surface temperature (LST) analysis of an area help learn about different environmental conditions, weather, and climate. It is also essential to monitor the rising temperature and global warming. Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis are efficient processes for monitoring urban expansion and vegetation of a geographical location. This study focused on those analyses to understand the influences of built-up area expansion and vegetation cover changes on the land surface temperature of the Salimpur. The outcome indicates that the vegetation of Salimpur mangrove slowly decreases opposite to the built-up expansion, and the land surface temperature continues to rise over the years. This study also found a strong positive correlation between NDBI and LST, and a negative correlation between NDVI and LST. Besides, the built-up areas significantly affect the vegetation cover of the Salimpur mangrove forest. The correlation between built-up areas and vegetation cover was strongly negative, which means an increase of NDBI decreases NDVI, and a reduction of NDBI increases NDVI. This study will help coastal planners to understand the local scenario and develop sustainable way of urban and vegetation management to balance the surface temperature.