Recent progress on performance modulation and mechanism study of silicon-based anodes

Silicon-based anode composites are being pursued extensively as anode materials because of their high specific capacities, reduced voltage platforms, and abundant natural resources. However, this type of anode suffers from drastic volume variation, resulting in electrode pulverization and reduced cycling performance. Intensive efforts have been made to address these challenges, including structural design (for 0 to 3 dimensions), composition optimization (Si-C, Si-metal, SiO, etc.), and improvements in electrolytes and binders. In this review, the preparation processes, electrochemical performances and recent development of silicon-based anodes will be elaborated based on the above classifications. Some newly developed in situ techniques will be highlighted, which will be helpful for comprehensive understanding of electrochemical processes and narrowing the gap between the lad research status and industrialization. Finally, the challenges and prospects for silicon-based full cells will be summarized.