Insight into the magnetic properties of Pb-dopped iron oxide nanoparticles during Fe(III) bio-reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Anthropogenic activities have led to a significant accumulation of Pb in the environment, posing a threat to ecosystems. Iron oxides that display magnetic properties are ubiquitous in the environment and Pb partitioning onto these minerals is considered one of the most critical geochemical processes controlling its environmental fate. In anoxic environments, iron oxides undergo redox cycling due to biotic and abiotic routes, resulting in their transformation/dissolution and evolution of their magnetic characteristics. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the impact of Pb on the dynamic of iron oxides bioreduction. Furthermore, there is little information available regarding the nature of biogenic minerals and their magnetic signatures.