Chronological changes in soil biogeochemical properties of the glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard, attributed to soil-forming factors

•Light/heavy SOM fractions mainly consist of plant/microbial-derived materials.•SOM can be stabilized in a short period, even under harsh environmental conditions.•Subglacial materials, bedrock, and aeolian deposits affect vertical development.•Glacio-fluvial runoff significantly inhibits terrestrial ecosystem development.