Flow and heat transfer characteristics of a fractal microchannel heat sink with three-dimensional fractal tail

In order to solve the problem of weak heat transfer capacity on the peripheral part of the disk-shaped fractal microchannel heat sink (FMHS), different from the traditional plane fractal, a higher-order fractal was carried out at the end of the fractal microchannel, and the end of the microchannel was transformed into a three-dimensional fractal to strengthen the heat transfer in the peripheral part of the FMHS. Different forms of bionic FMHSs were established based on the fractal number and fractal topology at the tail, and the flow and heat transfer characteristics of different fractals were studied. The results showed that with the increase of fractal number, the pressure drop is increased by 5.96-8.29%, the heat transfer effect is enhanced, the surface temperature of the FMHS gradually decreases, and the temperature uniformity is improved. For each topological relationship and fractal number, the heat transfer capacity of the four fractals microchannel with B-type topological relationship is the strongest, and the comprehensive performance index can reach 1.29 (Re = 200).