Roosting ecology of Gould's wild turkeys in southeastern Arizona

Availability of suitable roosting sites influences distribution of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) across the landscape. In semi-arid environments, roosts are limited to riparian corridors capable of supporting trees large enough to provide suitable roost sites. Gould's wild turkeys (M. g. mexicana) are spatially restricted to mountainous semi-arid areas of southwestern United States and Mexico, and information on their distribution and habitat use is limited. We evaluated roost site selection and fidelity of Gould's wild turkeys relative to environmental gradients and forested land cover during 2016-2017 in southeastern Arizona, USA. We monitored 51 global positioning system (GPS)-tagged individuals and collected 7,954 night roost locations. We quantified specific roost site characteristics at 274 unique roost locations. Gould's wild turkeys roosted in forested communities dominated by mature pine (Pinus spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.), and exhibited substantive roost site fidelity. Roost sites were selected at moderate elevations (range = 1,254-2,894 m), and were predominately on north-facing slopes with slight incline (<11 degrees), suggesting little plasticity in selection of roost sites. Conserving habitat with topography and vegetative structure similar to those described in our study is likely to improve ongoing restoration and management of Gould's wild turkeys.