Underwater image restoration via Stokes decomposition

In this Letter, we present a Stokes imaging-based method to restore objects and enhance image contrast in turbid water. In the system, a light source illuminates the objects with two orthometric polarization states; based on a new Stokes decomposition model, the recorded images are converted to Stokes maps and subsequently restored to a clear image, free of reflections and scattered lights. Amathematical model has been developed to explain the Stokes decomposition and how the undesired reflections and scattered lights are rejected. Imaging experiments have been devised and performed on different objects, e.g., metals and plastics, under different turbidities. The results demonstrate enhanced image quality and capability to distinguish polarization differences. This new, to the best of our knowledge, method can be readily applied to practical underwater object detection and potentially realize clear vision in other scattering media. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group