A non-linear resilient-oriented planning of the energy hub with integration of energy storage systems and flexible loads

This paper develops a two-stage model for planning of the hub, taking into account various uncertainties, in which the sizing of hub converters is performed with the aim of improving hub resilience. In the first stage, the capacity of hub converters is selected and in the second stage, the operation problem is solved under N-1 contingency conditions. In the proposed model, Price-based demand response (DR) and direct load control (DLC) programs are considered to implement in normal and emergency situations, respectively. The robust optimization method is utilized to deal with the uncertainties the problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. Finally, DICOPT solver in GAMS environment is used to solve the model and the results demonstrate that considering the N-1 contingency conditions in the design problem leads to the installation of more converters as well as larger capacities. The results also indicate that the operating cost of the hub during the outage condition of combined heat and power (CHP) is reduced by 63.48% through the implementation of the DLC program considering energy storage system. Overall, the results illustrate that considering the emergency operating conditions in the hub design problem, leads to a significant enhancement in its resilience.